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Article Library
Files / Working Papers
Listing all articles in the Files / Working Papers category
Human Capital in Cities and Suburbs
This article written by Richard Florida,Charlotta Mellander and Kevin Stolarick examines the effects of this intra‐metropolitan distribution on economicperformance. The findings indicate that this distribution matters significantly to US regional performance. Suburban human capital matters more than center city human capital.
The creative class, post-industrialism and the happiness of nations
This article written by Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Jason Rentfrow examines the role of post-industrial structures and values on happiness across the nations of the world. They argue that these structures and values shape happiness in waysthat go beyond the previously examined effects of income.
Here to Stay—The Effects of Community Satisfaction on the Decision to Stay
In this paper, Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Kevin Stolarick examine the effects of satisfaction with individuals’ current location on the decision to stay.
The University and the Creative Economy
In this article, Richard Florida, Brian Knudsen, and Kevin Stolarick provide a data-driven, empirical analysis of the university’s role in the “3T’s” of economic development, looking in detail at the effects of university R&D, technology transfer, students and faculty on regional technology, talent, and tolerance for all 331 U.S. metropolitan regions.
Talent, technology and tolerance in Canadian regional development
In this article Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Kevin Stolarick examine the factors that shape economic development in Canadian regions.
In this paper Richard Florida, Robert Wuebker and Zoltan Acs examine recent patterns of venture capital investment which suggest that the venture capital industry is in the early stages of a profound transformation catalyzed inpart by the globalization of igh-impact entrepreneurship. This change in the allocation of early-stage venture investment has important implications for the financing of young firms, the speed of innovation and technologicaltransformation, and the locus of long-term economic growth.
Socioeconomic Structures, Smoking and Obesity
Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander examine the effects of post-industrial economic structures and values on smoking and obesity.
Socioneconomic Structures and Happiness
Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Peter J. Rentfrow examine the role of post-industrial structures and values on happiness across the nations of the world. They argue that these structures and values shape happiness in ways that go beyond the previously examined effects of income.
Education in the Creative Economy : The University and the Creative Economy
In this Chapter of Daniel Araya's and Michael A. Peter's book, Education in the Creative Economy, Richard Florida, Brian Knudsen,and Kevin Stolarick argue that the university’s increasing role in economic growth stems from deeper and more fundamental forces. The university’s role in these forces goes beyond technology to both talent and tolerance.
Music for the Masses : The Economic Geography of Music in the U.S., 1970-2000
This paper by Richard Florida, Charlotta Melander and Kevin Stolarick analyzes the economic geography of musicians and the recording industry in the U.S. from 1970 to 2000 to shed light on the locational dynamics music and creative industries more broadly.
Happy States of America : A state-level analysis of psychological, economic and social well-being
Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Peter J. Rentfrow in this work aim to replicate and extend previous work by examining the geographic distribution and correlates of well-being within the US.
Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander argue that artists, bohemians and gays affect housing values through two kinds of mechanisms: an aesthetic-amenity premium; and a tolerance or open culture premium.
Skill and Cross-National Economic Performance
Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander look at the roll of human capital and occupation based measures in shaping cross-national economic performance.
Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Kevin Stolarick in this work hypothesize that the conjoint effects of scale and scope economies combine to shape significant geographic concentration of the entertainment industry.
Beautiful Places: The Role of Perceived Aesthetic Beauty in Community Satisfaction
Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Kevin Stolarick examine the effects of beauty and aesthetics on community satisfaction.
Global Metropolis : The Role of Cities and Metropolitan Areas in the Global Economy
Working Paper Series: Martin Prosperity Research prepared by Richard Florida, Charlotta Melander, and Tim Gulden on the role of cities and metropolitan areas.
Talent, Technology and Tolerance in Canadian Regional Development
Part of the Working Paper Series by Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Kevin Stolarick on the factors that shape economic development in Canadian regions.
Report Summary: Ontario’s Opportunities in the Creative Age by Richard Florida and Roger Martin.
Creativity, Talent, and Regional Wages in Sweden
Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander find that occupational or “creative class” measures tend to outperform educational measures in accounting for regional wages per capita across their sample of Swedish regions.
Creative China? The University, Human Capital and the Creative Class in Chinese Regional Development
In this study by Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander and Haifeng Qian, the authors employ both educational and occupational measures of talent to examine the relationships between talent, technology and regional economic performance in China.
Density and Creativity in U.S. Regions
This report by Richard Florida, Brian Knudsen, Kevin Stolarick, and Gary Gates investigates density, and more specifically the density of creative workers, as a key factor influencing regional development.
Music Clusters : A Preliminary Analysis
This research note authored by Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander is part of a large scale project on the music industry and system.
Sonic City : The Evolving Economic Geography of The Music Industry
This paper authored by Richard Florida and Scott Jackson examines the changing economic geography of the music industry over the past several decades.
University of Toronto Magazine
There Goes the Neighborhood : How and Why Bohemians, Artists and Gays Affect Regional Housing Values
This report authored by Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander examines the effects these populations have on increasing housing values in the neighborhoods and communities they inhabit.
This paper by Richard Florida, Tim Gulden, and Charlotta Mellander uses a global dataset of nighttime light emissions to produce an objectively consistent set of mega-regions for the globe.
By Richard Florida, Irene Tinagli, Patrik Strom, and Evelina Wahlquist
Urban Density, Creativity, and Innovation
By Brian Knudsen, Richard Florida, Gary Gates, and Kevin Stolarick - May 2007
Inside the Black Box of Regional Development : Human Capital, the Creative Class and Tolerance
Report by Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander, and Kevin Stolarick on the importance of human capital to regional development in conjunction with two key issues.
The Creative Class or Human Capital?
A report by Richard Florida and Charlotta Mellander explaining regional development in Sweden.
The University and the Creative Economy
A report on the role of the university in the economy by Richard Florida, Gary Gates, Brian Knudsen, and Kevin Stolarick.
The Creative Class or Human Capital? Explaining Economic Development in Sweden
By Charlotta Mellander and Richard Florida - Dec 2006
The Unsettled Politics of the Creative Age
By Richard Florida and Jeremy D. Mayer - Dec 2006
Creativity, Connections and Innovation: A Study of Linkages in the Montreal Region
This paper by Richard Florida and Kevin Stolarick examines the specific interactions among the creative, technical, business, and design communities of the Montreal region.
Disconnect: Why Our Politics is So Out of Touch and What it Means for Our Future
By Richard Florida and Jeremy D. Mayer - Nov 2006
By Richard Florida, The Atlantic Monthly - October 2006
Theory and Practice of Regional Economic Development
By Richard Florida - 2006
By Richard Florida and Irene Tinagli
Emergent Cities: Micro Foundations of Zipf's Law
By Robert Axtell and Richard Florida - March 2006
A Search for Jobs in Some of the Wrong Places
By Richard Florida - Feb 2006
Let's Get Creative: India in the Creative Age
By Richard Florida, The Times of India - Feb 2006
Regions and Universities Together Can Foster a Creative Economy
By Richard Florida, Chronicle of Higher Education - 2006
By Richard Florida, Newsweek - Nov 2005
By Richard Florida, The Atlantic Monthly - Oct 2005
Creative Capital: The Key to Prosperity
By Richard Florida - Sept 2005
Beyond Spillovers: The Effects of Creative-Density on Innovation
This report by Richard Florida, Brian Knudsen, and Kevin Stolarick investigates how the density of a specific class of workers, the "creative class", affects metropolitan innovation.
A Dire Global Imbalance in Creativity
By Richard Florida - July 2005
Italy in the Creative Age (Italian Version)
By Richard Florida and Irene Tinagli
By Richard Florida and Jesse Elliott - June 2005
By Richard Florida, Philadelphia Inquirer - May 2005
By Richard Florida - April 2005
Montreal's Capacity for Creative Connectivity: Outlook and Opportunities
A report on Montreal and it's creative opportunities by Richard Florida, Kevin Stolarick, and Lou Musante.
By Richard Florida - Nov 2004
America's Looming Creativity Crisis
The Unites States built the most powerful economy by producing and attracting human capital. Is America throwing that advantage away?
America’s Best and Brightest Are Leaving…and Taking the Creative Economy With Them
By Richard Florida, Across the Board: the Conference Board Magazine - Sept 1994
The Great Creative Class Debate : Revenge of the Squelchers
Richard Florida promotes a vision of economic development that returns government to its core functions-building the civic infrastructure necessary to attract and retain people and businesses.
By Richard Florida - The Next American City - July 2004
Revenge of the Squelchers (Full Report)
By Richard Florida - April 2004
By Richard Florida and Irene Tinagli - Feb 2004
No Monopoly on Creativity - Breakthrough Ideas of 2004
By Richard Florida, Harvard Business Journal - Feb 2004
By Richard Florida, Washington Monthly - Jan/Feb 2004
Creative Class War, How the GOP's Anti-Elitism Could Ruin America's Economy
By Richard Florida, The Washington Monthly - Jan/Feb 2004
By Richard Florida, The Washington Monthly - March 2003
By Richard Florida, City & Community - March 2003
The 50 States on the Creativity Index
By Kevin Stolarick, Catalytix - Feb 2003
By Richard Florida - Revised Edition - 2003
The Economic Geography of Talent
This article by Richard Florida examines the economic geography of talent exploringthe factors that attract talent and its effects on high-technology industry and regional incomes.
Competing on Creativity : Placing Ontario's Cities in North American Context
A report prepared by Richard Florida, Meric S. Gertler, Gary Gates, and Tara Vinodrai for the Ontario Ministry of Enterprise, Opportunity and Innovation and the Institute for Competitiveness and Prosperity.
By Richard Florida, Washington Monthly - May 2002
Rebuilding Lower Manhattan For the Creative Age: Implications for the Greater New York Region
By Richard Florida, A report prepared for the Regional Plan Association and the Civic Alliance - April 2002
Bohemia and economic geography
This paper by Richard Florida examines the geography of bohemia and the relationships between it, human capital, and high-technology industries.
Bohemia and Economic Geography
By Richard Florida, Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press - 2002
Entrepreneurship, Creativity, and Regional Development
By Richard Florida, book chapter in Entrepreneurship, David Hart (editor) - 2002
Technology and Tolerance: The Importance of Diversity to High-Tech Growth
By Richard Florida and Gary Gates, Brookings Institution, Center for Urban and Metropolitan Policy - June 2001
By Richard Florida, Information Week - April 2001
E-Inclusion: It's Not A Choice
By Richard Florida, Information Week - March 2001
We Can Import the Irish Miracle
By Richard Florida, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - March 2001
Gaining from Green Management: Environmental Management Systems Inside and Outside the Factory
By Richard Florida and Derek Davison, California Management Review - March 2001
By Richard Florida, Information Week - Jan 2001
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, book chapter Organizational Capabilities, in Richard Nelson (editor), Oxford University Press - 2001
Why Do Firms Adopt Advanced Environmental Practices (And Do They Make A Difference)?
By Richard Florida and Derek Davison, book chapter in Going Private: Environmental Management Systems and the New Policy Agenda edited by Cary Coglianese and Jennifer Nash - 2001
Silver IT Lining In Dark Clouds
By Richard Florida, Information Week - Dec 2000
Technology, Talent, And Tolerance
By Richard Florida, Information Week - Nov 2000
Richard Florida, Mark Atlas, and Matt Cline - Nov 2000
Pittsburgh's Prosperity Depends on Diversity
By Richard Florida, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Oct 2000
Companies Must Fight The Backlash
By Richard Florida, Information Week - Sept 2000
Pittsburgh, Let's Wake Up and Play
By Richard Florida, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - June 2000
What Else Is There Besides Money?
By Richard Florida, Information Week - April 2000
The World That Changed the Machine: Globalization and Jobs in the New Automotive Industry
By Timothy Sturgeon and Richard Florida - A study by Carnegie Mellon University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Final Report to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation - March 2000
Science, Reputation, and Organization
This article by Richard Florida seeks to shed light on the factors that shape the organization of scientific research in profit-seeking enterpises.
Competing in the Age of Talent: Environment, Amenities and the New Economy
By Richard Florida - Greater Philadelphia Regional Review - Jan 2000
Review: We Were Burning: Japanese Entrepreneurs and the Electronic Age, in Technology and Culture
By Richard Florida, Review of We Were Burning by Bob Johnstone - 2000
Economic Development for the New Economy.
By Richard Florida, American Chamber of Commerce, Chamber Executive - Aug 1999
The Role of the University: Leveraging Talent, Not Technology
By Richard Florida, Issues in Science and Technology - June 1999
By Richard Florida and Tracy Gordon, Commentary - Summer 1999
Do Green Businesses Benefit Communities? Results from A Survey of Manufacturing Plants
Richard Florida, Derek Davison, and Matthew Cline, Report to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection - June 1999
Final Report to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation : The World that Changed the Machine:
The study has explored the factors driving globalization in the automotive industry and has begun the task of exploring the effect of globalization on the quality, quantity and location of jobs in that industry.
Engine or Infrastructure? The University Role in Economic Development
By Richard Florida, book chapter in Industrializing Knowledge, Lewis Branscomb and Furnio Kodama (editors), MIT Press - Feb 1999
Regional Environmental Performance and Sustainability: A Review and Assessment of Indicator Projects
By Richard Florida and Tracy Gordon, A Report prepared for the Environmental City Network and Sustainable Pittsburgh - Jan 1999
Capital and Creative Destruction: Venture Capital, Technological Change, and Economic Development
By Richard Florida and Mark Samber, The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulation and Institutions - Jan 1999
Lewis Branscomb, Fumio Kodama, and Richard Florida (editors) - Cambridge: MIT Press -1999
Review of: The Associational Economy: Firms, Regions and Innovation by Philip cooke and Keven Morgan
By Richard Florida, Research Policy - 1999
Report of the 21st Century Environmental Commission for the State of Pennsylvania
By Richard Florida - Sept 1998
Reviews of: Kenneth P. Thomas, Capital Beyond Borders and Michelle Hoyman, Power Steering
By Richard Florida, American Political Science Review - 1998
By Richard Florida, Technology Review - March-April 1998
Challenges to Technology Policy in a Changing World Economy
By Richard Florida and Lewis Branscomb, book chapter in Investing in Innovation: Creating and Research and Innovation Policy That Works, Lewis Branscomb and James Keller (editors), MIT Press - 1998
By Mark Atlas and Richard Florida, Book Chapter in Green Manufacturing, Richard Dorf (editor), Handbook of Technology Management. CRC Press - 1998
Industry and the Academy: Uneasy Partners in the Cause of Technological Advance
By Wesley Cohen, Richard Florida, Lucien Randazzese, and John Walsh, book chapter in Challenge to the Research University, Roger Noll (editor), Brookings Institution - 1998
New Strategies for New Challenges: Corporate Innovation in the United States and Japan
By Richard Florida, Report for the National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC: National Research Council, Committee on Japan - 1998
By Richard Florida, Issues in Science and Technology - 1998
The Japanese Transplants in North America: Production Organization, Location and R&D
Richard Florida and Davis Jenkins, book chapter Between Imitation and Innovation: The Transfer and Hybridization of Production Systems in the International Automobile Industry, in Steven Tolliday (editor), Oxford University Press - 1998
The Japanese Transplants in North America: Production Organization, Location and R&D
By Richard Florida, Davis Jenkins, and Don Smith - Aug 1997
Work System Innovation Among Japanese Transplants in the United States
By Davis Jenkins and Richard Florida, book chapter in Remade in America: Japanese Manufacturing Transformed, Paul Adler, Mark Fruin, and Jeffrey Liker (editors), Oxford University Press - March 1997
Review of: Just Another Car Factory: Lean Production and Its Discontents by James Rhinehart
By Richard Florida, American Journal of Sociology - 1997
The Globalization of R&D: Results of a Survey of Foreign-Affiliated R&D Laboratories in the USA
By Richard Florida, Research Policy - 1997
By Richard Florida, Economic Geography - July 1996
Foreign-Affiliated R&D Laboratories in the United States
By Richard Florida - Jan 1996
The Transfer of Japanese Management Styles in Two Us Transplant Industries: Auto and Electronics
By Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Journal of Management Studies - Nov 1995
By Richard Florida, Futures: The Journal of Forecasting and Planning - June 1995 [reprinted in Meric Gertler, Economic Geography Handbook; Zoltan Acs, Regional Innovation and Global Change (London: Pinter Publishers)
Technology Policy for a Global Economy
By Richard Florida - Issues in Science and Technology - March 1995
Conditioning Investment is a Losing Strategy
By Richard Florida, Chapter 3 in The Foreign Investment Debate edited by Cynthia Beltz - 1995
Foreign Direct Investment and the Economy
By Richard Florida, book chapter in Foreign Direct Investment, in Cynthia Beltz (editor), Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute - 1995
High-Performance Economic Development
By Richard Florida and Timoth McNulty, Commentary - Spring 1995
By Richard Florida, Growth and Change - Fall 1994
University-Industry Centers in the United States
By Wesley Cohen, Richard Florida and Richard Goe, Carnegie Mellon University - July 1994
American Industries Teaching Japan a Few Lessons in Management
By Richard Florida, Tokyo Business Today - May 1994
Japanese Automotive Transplants and the Transfer of the Japanese Production System
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, book chapter in Social Reconstructions of the World Automobile Industry: Competition, Power, and Industrial Flexibility, Frederick Deyo (editor), Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press - 1997
What Start Ups Don't Need Is Money
By Richard Florida, Inc. Magazine - April 1994
Institutions and Economic Transformation: The Case of Postwar Japanese Capitalism
By Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Growth and Change - March 1994
Japanese Maquiladoras: Production Organization and Global Commodity Chains
By Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, World Development - 1994
Keep Government Out of Venture Capital
By Richard Florida, Book Chapter in Financing Entrepreneurs by Cynthia Beltz (editor) - 1994
Knowledge-Intensive Capitalism and the High-Performance Revolution (Published in Japanese)
By Richard Florida, Prevision: Journal of the Japan Association for Management Research - 1994
Review of: Regional Advantage by Annalee Saxenian
By Richard Florida, Science - 1994
Review of: Strategic Capitalism by Kent Calder
By Richard Florida, Economic Geography - 1994
By Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Research Policy - 1994
Venture Capital Formation, Investment, and Regional Industrialization
By Richard Florida and Donald F. Smith, Jr., Annals of the Association of American Geographers - Sept 1993
Universities Should Not Become Research Units of Corporations
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Chronicle of Higher Education - July 1991
The New Age of Capitalism: Innovation-Mediated Production
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Futures: The Journal of Forecasting and Planning - July 1993
Keep the Government Out of Venture Capital
By Richard Florida and Donald F. Smith Jr., Issues in Science and Technology - June 1993
By Richard Florida, The World & I - May 27, 1993
Beyond Mass Production: The Japanese System and Its Transfer to the U.S.
By Martin Kenney & Richard Florida - Jan 1993
Review: Japan's California Factories by Ruth Milkman
By Richard Florida, Contemporary Sociology - 1993
The Japanese Transplants, Production Organization and Regional Development
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Journal of the American Planning Association - Winter 1992
Restructuring in Place: Japanese Investment, Production Organization, and the Geography of Steel
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Economic Geography - April 1992
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Carnegie Mellon Magazine - Spring 1992
Breakthrough Illusion: Corporate America's Failure to Move from Innovation to Mass Production
By Richard Florida & Martin Kenney - Jan 1992
U.S. Urban Policy: The Postwar State and Capitalist Regulation
By Richard Florida and Andrew Jonas, Antipode - Oct 1991
Organization versus Culture: The Japanese Transplants in the U.S.
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Industrial Relations Journal - Autumn 1991
By Richard Florida and David Browdy, Technology Review - Aug 1991
By Richard Florida, Futures: The Journal of Forecasting and Planning - July 1991
U.S. Breakthroughs Bested by Japan Follow-Through
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, UC Davis Magazine - Summer 1991
Transplanted Organizations: The Transfer of Japanese Industrial Organization to the U.S.
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, American Sociological Review (June 1991) 56, 3: 381-398. Reprinted in Morris Low (ed)., Science, Technology and R&D in Japan (Routledge, 2001) - June 1991
Organizational Factors and Technology-Intensive Industry: the US and Japan
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, New Technology, Work and Employment - March 1991
How Japanese Industry Is Rebuilding the Rust Belt
By Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Technology Review - Feb 1991
Review: Behind the Silicon Curtain
By Richard Florida, Book Review of Behind the Silicon Curtain by Dennis Hayes, Economic Geography - 1991
Venture Capital, Innovation and Economic Development
By Richard Florida and Donald Smith, Economic Development Quarterly - Nov 1990
Silicon Valley and Route 128 Won't Save Us
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, California Management Review - Fall 1990
Economic Restructuring and the Changing Role of the State in U.S. Housing
Marshall Feldman and Richard Florida, Book Chapter in Government and Housing: Developments in Seven Countries. Urban Affairs Annual Reviews no. 36 by Willem van Vliet and Jan van Weesep (editors) - 1990
Venture Capital, Innovation, and Economic Development
By Richard Florida and Donald F. Smith, Jr., Economic Development Quarterly - 1990
Japan's Role in a Post-Fordist Age
By Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Futures - April 1989
The New Geography of Automobile Production: Japanese Transplants in North America
By Andrew Mair and Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Economic Geography - Oct 1988
What the U.S. Can Do to Meet the Japanese Challenge in High-Technology
By Richard Florida, ICTTE Technology Proceedings, 1988 International Congress on Technology and Technology Exchange - Oct 1988
Flexibility versus Structure: The High Technology Dilemma
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Pittsburgh High Technology - Sept 1988
Venture Capital-Financed Innovation and Technological Change in the USA
By Richard L. Florida and Martin Kenney, Research Policy - June 1988
Venture Capital's Geography: A Comment on Leinbach and Amrhein
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Professional Geographer - Jan 1988
Venture Capital and High Technology Entrepreneurship
By Richard Florida and Martin Kenney, Journal of Business Venturing - 1988
The Distribution of Transfers to Various Types of Cities
By Richard Florida, Public Budgeting and Finance - Autumn 1986
Housing and the New Financial Markets
Richard Florida (editor), New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research - 1986
Mount Laurel II: Challenge and Delivery of Low-Cost Housing
By Robert Burchell, James Carr, Richard Florida, and James Nemeth, Center for Urban Policy Research - 1984
New Reality of Municipal Finance: The Rise and Fall of the Intergovernmental City
By Robert Burchell, James Carr, Richard Florida, and James Nemeth, Center for Urban Policy Research - 1984
Enterprises et Politique Fiscale: L'Example Americain (In French)
By Richard Florida, Revue Francaise de Finances Publique - 1983
Bridging and Bonding: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Regional Social Capital
By Brian Knudsen, Richard Florida and Denise Rousseau
Kotkin's Fallacies: Why Diversity Matters to Economic Growth
By Richard Florida
Regulation Has Little to Do with Innovation
By Richard Florida, The Environmental Forum
Should the Government Be A Venture Capitalist?
By Richard Florida and Donald F. Smith Jr
By Richard Florida
The Origins of Financial Deregulation: The CMC, Heller committee, and the Friend Study
By Richard Florida
Utterly Baffled: Richard responds to critics of Rise
By Richard Florida
Venture Capital and High Technology Entrepreneurship
This article explains the differences among various venture complexes focusing on where venture capital is important to innovation and entrepreneurship and conversely where it is not.